1. Photography requires
lateral position at maximum inhalation and V-D or D-V image photography and oblique image photography.
a. Photography range: 2cm on the head of the first rib to the caudal side of the first lumbar vertebra
b. Exposure time: 1/30, preferably 1/60 seconds
c. Line quantity: moderate, insufficient, the density of the lung field appears to increase, and too high, the vascular shadow is not obvious, which is not conducive to the discovery of ideal lateral photography of the lesion site. The shadow of the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra is vaguely visible.
d.lateral image: The animal is lying on its side, and the two forelimbs are parallel to the anterior traction of Baoding, so that the deltoid muscle does not overlap with the apex of the lung lobe, with the premise that the thorax does not twist the beam to keep the sternum and the thoracic vertebra at the same height; the neck is straight forward, at least the center of the X-ray beam is not bent to be aligned with the caudal side of the shoulder and the fifth intercostal position. When lying on the right side, the pericardial diaphragm ligament can not displace the apex downward, so it is better to lying on the right side of Baoding.
e.V-D image: The animal is lying on its back on Baoding, with both front limbs traction forward, the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae overlap, and the center of the X-ray beam is aligned with the caudal edge of the scapula.
f.D-V image: The animal is prone to Baoding, and pulls the elbow abducted while pulling the two front limbs forward slightly. The hind limbs are on the stage in a curved state, keeping the chest cavity from turning, allowing the thoracic spine to overlap with the sternum.
Chest X-anatomy
h. Anterior lobe pulmonary artery
i. Anterior lobe bronchus
j. Anterior lobe pulmonary vein
l. Left posterior lobe blood vessel
e. Posterior posterior vein
f. Banner membrane right foot
g. Diaphragm left foot
G. Right anterior lobe pulmonary artery
H. Right anterior lobe bronchus
I. Right anterior lobe pulmonary vein
m. Right posterior lobe pulmonary artery
n. Right posterior lobe bronchus
O. Right posterior lobe pulmonary vein
J. Left anterior lobe pulmonary artery
K. Left anterior lobe bronchus
L. Left anterior lobe pulmonary vein
p. Left posterior lobe pulmonary artery
q. Left posterior lobe bronchus
r. Left posterior lobe pulmonary vein
Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease
1. The thickness of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein distributed in the anterior lobe is basically the same under normal circumstances, and the thickness of each thread is roughly the same as the second rib.
When it is observed that the pulmonary artery is thicker than the given vein, it can be suspected that intraventricular defects causing increased pulmonary artery blood flow, patent artery catheter, atrial septal defect or heartworm obstruction of the pulmonary artery terminals.
When it is observed that the pulmonary vein is thicker than the pulmonary artery, Huang Yi is a mitral valve insufficiency that causes pulmonary vein congestion.
2. Under normal circumstances in X-rays, the thickness of the aorta and posterior vena cava is basically the same.
The twisting of the posterior vena cava can be suspected to be a tricuspid valve insufficiency disease that causes obstruction of the static discharge and antique. The thickening of the aortic arch may be due to the aortic stenosis that has dilated posterior stenosis.
Heart
(1) Simple determination of heart shadow
1. Side position image: In normal times, the maximum horizontal line of the dog's heart is within 3 ribs; in cats are within 2 ribs.
2 D-V or V-D image: less than 1/2 of the maximum transverse diameter of the 9th thoracic vertebra.
(B) V-D image cardiac size measurement method
a+b—x l00(%)A+B
Normal: 65-75%
(I) Method of Determination of Lateral Image Heart Size Lateral Image VHS Method
Normal: 8.5-10.5 Number of thoracic vertebrae
(IV) The significance of the shadow of the Lateral Image Heart and its abnormal changes
4-8 points (1) reflect the changes in the right ventricle;
8-11 points (2) reflect the changes in the right atrium and pulmonary artery;
11-12 points (3) reflect the changes in the aortic arch;
1-2 points (4) reflect the changes in the left atrium;
3-5 Points (5) reflect the changes in the left ventricle;
(V) The significance of various parts of the shadow of the V-D image and its abnormal changes
V-D image
6-9 points (1) reflect the changes in the right ventricle;
9-11 points (2) reflect the changes in the right atrium;
centered on 12 points (3) reflect the changes in the aortic arch;
1-2 points (4) reflect the changes in the pulmonary artery;
2-3 points (5) reflect changes in the atrial acupuncture;
3-5 points (6) reflect changes in the left ventricle;
Case
3. Trachea
The thickness of normal trachea, aorta body, and posterior vena cava is comparable to the thickness of the chest trachea: tracheal dysplasia or tracheal collapse (atrophy);
The chest trachea becomes thicker: there may be exhalation disorders such as asthma.
For X-ray diagnosis of respiratory diseases, you should always think about comparing the bronchial and blood vessel shadows in the lung field with normal X-ray anatomical images.
When the chest lateral image is imaged, the pulmonary artery distributed in the posterior lobe is always the dorsal side of the right posterior lobe artery.